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2014/05/03

some definitions related to open sets 4 (a interval is connected)

We reached in the preceding post to a proposition which insisted that a connected set on the real number line was a interval. So, we shall give a brief proof of the proposition.

Suppose that I  is a connected set on the real number line
and I=A\cup B , where A,B\subset \mathbb{R} , A\cap B=\phi 
and both A  and B  are closed and not empty.

We are able to choose two points a_1  from A  and b_1  from B , and put a_1<b_1 .
Dividing the new interval (a_1,b_1) in half, the one must contain points of A  and B .

Let the one be a small interval (a_2,b_2)  and we repeat the same operation.
Then, we get the sequence of the interval (a_n,b_n)  where a_n\in A  and b_n\in B 
and (a_n,b_n)\supset (a_{n+1},b_{n+1}) .

If the operation is repeated infinitely, as the new interval becomes smaller and smaller, the real number sequence a_n  and b_n  have a same limit point c .

As A  and B  are closed, c is a intersection point of two sets. However, it is in contradiction to the precondition.




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